The music played for a set time, and then stopped. Everyone moved at the same time, and finished at the same time. These formations were usually lines or squares. The way people moved was planned in set formation. Until the 20th century, most ballroom dances were sequence dances. Ballroom dances such as the waltz are done by couples. Ballroom dances are forms of modern dance. In more recent times, the first dance school we know about was opened in 1661 in Paris. The great dancer Nijinsky used some of these ideas in his choreography for the ballet Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring), a ballet about the sacrifice of a girl during a primitive celebration of Spring. Fertility dances may involve both ecstatic states and mime. The two styles of dance may be joined together. The dance type which is used in image dances is mime. They really believe the image dances work. Sachs points out that societies of this kind do not really understand the connection between cause and effect. This is the kind of thinking behind an image dance. To imitate the act of sex is to achieve fertility. To dance in imitation of the animal which is going to be hunted is to become one with them. By imitating an animal or object, the dancer believes he can capture a power and make it useful. The 'image dances', according to Sachs, are to do with the world outside the dancer. They are found in all early ('primitive') societies. These dances are done on certain occasions: marriage, war, famine, illness or death, and so on. In this state the dancer(s) seem changed, in a trance, and are often thought of (by their society) as being 'possessed by spirits'. By 'imageless dances' he meant dances which have no set form, but aim at getting the dancers into a state of ecstasy.
Sachs divides early dances into 'Imageless dances' and 'Image dances'. There are pictures, on pottery and stone, which show dances from several thousand years ago, in Egypt and Greece. Other dances need an ensemble, a group of people together to make it work. One style is the couple dance, where (usually) a man and a woman dance together. However, most dancing does follow some general style or pattern. Dances may be planned in detail, or they may be whatever dancers feel like doing.
Often this goes with music, and fits into a certain style. To plan a dance is called choreography, done by a choreographer. It may take years of practice to become an experienced and capable dancer. People who want to learn to dance can go to dance schools. Dancing is sometimes done as sport, and has similar athletic aspects. In some societies, dance goes with song as well as music. There are many kinds of dances, and every human society has its own dances.Īs with other performing arts, some people dance to express their feelings and emotions, or to feel better.
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The dance may be an informal play, a part of a ritual, or a part of a professional performance. It is when people move to a musical rhythm.
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